lemme tell you what is it about ....:)
Donno what made me write aal these :P......some find it sick when its about GANJA....Marijuana...drugs :/
its a small introduction to Bob Marleys life.......
how he lived??
what made him protest favouring Ganja??
how dopers behave after smoking?
i just want people to know about Bob Marley's quotes
he wrote songs,sung.......protested
he went on international concerts and protested!!! ( i love the way he lived :D)
why was Governament against weed....?
How ganja looks??
where do we find it......(i cant reveal it :P)
where was ganja first smoked up???
who discovered it.......:)
this len is written with own interest. n yeah i've loadz to tell about in my upcoming lens( dont worry its irrelevant to this len :P)........
here you go to my intro picture .it is a ganja leaf.....i remember i've put on its tattoo on my hand :D(for which i was screwed later :/)
its a small introduction to Bob Marleys life.......
how he lived??
what made him protest favouring Ganja??
how dopers behave after smoking?
i just want people to know about Bob Marley's quotes
he wrote songs,sung.......protested
he went on international concerts and protested!!! ( i love the way he lived :D)
why was Governament against weed....?
How ganja looks??
where do we find it......(i cant reveal it :P)
where was ganja first smoked up???
who discovered it.......:)
this len is written with own interest. n yeah i've loadz to tell about in my upcoming lens( dont worry its irrelevant to this len :P)........
here you go to my intro picture .it is a ganja leaf.....i remember i've put on its tattoo on my hand :D(for which i was screwed later :/)
i would like to introduce you to a great Revolutionist...Bob Marley
Bob Marley
Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley, OM (6 February 1945 - 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician. He was the rhythm guitarist and lead singer for the ska, rocksteady and reggae band Bob Marley & The Wailers (1963-1981). Marley remains the most widely known and revered performer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement to a worldwide audience.Bob Marley was born in the village of Nine Mile in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica as Nesta Robert Marley. A Jamaican passport official would later swap his first and middle names.His father, Norval Sinclair Marley, was a white Jamaican of mixed and English descent whose family came from Sussex, England. Norval was a captain in the Royal Marines, as well as a plantation overseer, when he married Cedella Booker, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old. Norval provided financial support for his wife and child, but seldom saw them, as he was often away on trips. In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at age 70. Marley faced questions about his own racial identity throughout his life. He once reflected:
I don't have prejudice against meself. My father was a white and my mother was black. Them call me half-caste or whatever. Me don't deh pon nobody's side. Me don't deh pon the black man's side nor the white man's side. Me deh pon God's side, the one who create me and cause me to come from black and white.
The Bob Marley House in Nine Mile is a home that he shared with his mother during his youth
Although Marley recognised his mixed ancestry, throughout his life and because of his beliefs, he self-identified as a black African, following the ideas of Pan-African leaders. Marley stated that his two biggest influences were the African-centered Marcus Garvey and Haile Selassie. A central theme in Bob Marley's message was the repatriation of black people to Zion, which in his view was Ethiopia, or more generally, Africa. In songs such as "Black Survivor", "Babylon System", and "Blackman Redemption", Marley sings about the struggles of blacks and Africans against oppression from the West or "Babylon".
Marley and his step brother Bunny Wailer (Bob's mother had a daughter with Bunny's father, younger sister to both of them) started to play music while he was still at school, which he left at the age of 14 to make music with Joe Higgs, a local singer and devout Rastafari. At a jam session with Higgs and Livingston, Marley met Peter McIntosh (later known as Peter Tosh), who had similar musical ambitions.In 1962, Marley recorded his first two singles, "Judge Not" and "One Cup of Coffee", with local music producer Leslie Kong. These songs, released on the Beverley's label under the pseudonym of Bobby Martell,attracted little attention. The songs were later re-released on the box set Songs of Freedom, a posthumous collection of Marley's work. Marley was also known to use an Epiphone guitar for much of his career.
Is ganja legal for Rastas?? Rastafari and marijuana
According to me,
One feature of Rastafarianism which is often misrepresented in the media is the ritual use of ganja (marijuana). Pious Rastas do not and should not use marijuana recreationally; instead, it is reserved for religious and medicinal purposes. Some do not even use it at all. When it is used, the purpose is to aid in meditation and perhaps help the user achieve greater mystical insight into the nature of the universe.
Bob Marley converted to Rastafarianism from Christianity in the mid-1960s, well before he achieved any international fame as a reggae musician. His conversion coincided with the conversions of thousands of his fellow Jamaicans of African descent, and as his fame grew, he began to stand as a symbol for both his culture and his religion.
Bob Marley did not use cannabis recreationally, and did not see its use as a casual matter. He viewed marijuana as a holy rite, much as Catholics view Holy Communion or some Native Americans view ceremonial usage of peyote. Viewing himself as a holy person (as do all Rastafarians), Marley strongly believed that marijuana opened up a spiritual door which allowed him to become the artist and poet he was.
How and why did Bob Marley die?? :(
Marijuana Use Leads to Later Drug Abuse Early Smoking Influences Later Drug, Alcohol Problems
Bob Marley died in 1981, officially due to malignant melanoma, a dangerous type of cancer that was found on his toe. It's not quite as simple as it sounds, though.
Discovering the Melanoma
Reggae legend Bob Marley first discovered that something was wrong in 1977 when he injured his foot while playing soccer with some friends. The wound seemed pretty extreme for a simple soccer injury, and when it got worse instead of healing, he decided to see a doctor. Marley was diagnosed with melanoma, and an amputation of the toe was recommended.
Why didn't Bob Marley just have the amputation?
As a devout Rastafarian, Bob Marley adhered strongly to the tenets of his religion, which include a belief that amputation is sinful. A Bible verse that Rastafarians hold as very important is Leviticus 21:5 - "They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in the flesh." The first part of this verse is the foundation of the belief in the wearing of dreadlocks, and the last part is the basis for a belief that amputation (as well as other types of body modification) is sinful. Other verses, including those which refer to the body as a holy temple, may also influence this belief.
There is an additional tenet of Rastafarianism which is slightly more difficult for non-Rastas to understand, but which probably also influenced Marley's decision. The belief is essentially that death is not a certainty, and that truly holy people will gain immortality in their physical bodies. To acknowledge that death is a possibility is to make certain that it will come soon. It is believed that this is the reason that Bob Marley never wrote a will, either, which resulted in difficulty in dividing his assets after his death.
The cancer spreads
Bob Marley's medical records were never made public, but according to most accounts, he did eventually allow for a skin graft in place of a full amputation. It seems that if this procedure did take place, it was either ineffective or simply too late. By the late summer of 1980, the cancer had metastasized throughout his body. While he was in New York City performing, Marley collapsed during a jog through Central Park. He performed for the last time in September of 1980 in Pittsburgh, a performance that was remastered and released in February of 2011 as Bob Marley and the Wailers Live Forever.
Death at age 36
After traveling to Germany to be cared for by Josef Issels, a holistic physician, Bob Marley soon realized that his cancer was terminal. Intending to fly home to Jamaica, he became even sicker while in transit, and the plane stopped over in Miami, where he died on May 11, 1981. According to some reports, his final words were spoken to his son Ziggy Marley: "Money can't buy life."
Conspiracy Theories
Rumors persist that Bob Marley was murdered by the CIA (among other theorized assassins), with assistance from Dr. Issels, who has been reported in these accounts to be a former Nazi. The most common version of the story is that the CIA had an operative give Marley a pair of boots as a gift, and the boots had a radioactive wire hidden in them, which caused the cancer on his toe. A 2011 article from High Times magazine details this theory further.
A team of researchers from the United States and Australia has found that the age when a person begins to smoke marijuana has a significant influence on whether they will develop problems with drugs and alcohol later in life, independent of his or her genetic and family background.
In a large study of Australian twins, the researchers found that those who used marijuana before age 17 were two to five times more likely to use other drugs or to develop alcohol or drug abuse or dependence. The study appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Using Marijuana Before Age 17
"There is a fairly long history of research showing that early cannabis (marijuana) use is associated with increased risks for later use of so-called 'hard drugs,' but that research is based on the fact that most heroin and cocaine users report first having used cannabis," says lead author Michael T. Lynskey, Ph.D., a visiting assistant professor of psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and senior research fellow at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research in Brisbane, Australia.
Lynskey says past studies have not been able to adequately control for familial factors -- such as genetics, environment and family background -- that may predispose people both to early marijuana use and to subsequent use of illicit drugs. In this study, Lynskey and colleagues from Washington University and the Queensland Institute of Medical Research studied same-sex twins from Australia: some identical, some fraternal. In 311 pairs of twins, one twin began using marijuana before the age of 17 and the other did not.
Higher Rates of Alcohol, Drug Problems
"By studying twins, we were able to compare pairs of individuals of the same age, same family background and -- in the case of identical twins -- individuals with exactly the same genes," Lynskey explains. "But these twins differed in one important respect: One had chosen to begin using cannabis before 17, but the other had not."
By the time these twins were interviewed in their late 20s and early 30s, the early marijuana users had developed higher rates of problems with alcohol and other drugs. Some 46 percent reported that they later abused or became dependent upon marijuana, and 43 percent had become alcohol dependent.
The early marijuana users also used other drugs at higher rates, including cocaine and other stimulants (48 percent) heroin and other opioids (14 percent) and hallucinogens (35 percent).
Known Risk Factors for Drug Use
"Controlling for other known risk factors for drug use and drug use problems, these rates were between 1.8 and 5.2 times higher than the rates we observed in the co-twins who did not begin cannabis use before 17," Lynskey says. Results were similar when comparisons were limited to identical twin pairs.
"We actually were expecting that by using twins and controlling for genetic and familial effects, we'd find the association between early use and later abuse would disappear," Lynskey says. "But this study demonstrates that there is more to the relationship than we previously thought."
Recognizing the Increased RiskDiscovering the Melanoma
Reggae legend Bob Marley first discovered that something was wrong in 1977 when he injured his foot while playing soccer with some friends. The wound seemed pretty extreme for a simple soccer injury, and when it got worse instead of healing, he decided to see a doctor. Marley was diagnosed with melanoma, and an amputation of the toe was recommended.
Why didn't Bob Marley just have the amputation?
As a devout Rastafarian, Bob Marley adhered strongly to the tenets of his religion, which include a belief that amputation is sinful. A Bible verse that Rastafarians hold as very important is Leviticus 21:5 - "They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in the flesh." The first part of this verse is the foundation of the belief in the wearing of dreadlocks, and the last part is the basis for a belief that amputation (as well as other types of body modification) is sinful. Other verses, including those which refer to the body as a holy temple, may also influence this belief.
There is an additional tenet of Rastafarianism which is slightly more difficult for non-Rastas to understand, but which probably also influenced Marley's decision. The belief is essentially that death is not a certainty, and that truly holy people will gain immortality in their physical bodies. To acknowledge that death is a possibility is to make certain that it will come soon. It is believed that this is the reason that Bob Marley never wrote a will, either, which resulted in difficulty in dividing his assets after his death.
The cancer spreads
Bob Marley's medical records were never made public, but according to most accounts, he did eventually allow for a skin graft in place of a full amputation. It seems that if this procedure did take place, it was either ineffective or simply too late. By the late summer of 1980, the cancer had metastasized throughout his body. While he was in New York City performing, Marley collapsed during a jog through Central Park. He performed for the last time in September of 1980 in Pittsburgh, a performance that was remastered and released in February of 2011 as Bob Marley and the Wailers Live Forever.
Death at age 36
After traveling to Germany to be cared for by Josef Issels, a holistic physician, Bob Marley soon realized that his cancer was terminal. Intending to fly home to Jamaica, he became even sicker while in transit, and the plane stopped over in Miami, where he died on May 11, 1981. According to some reports, his final words were spoken to his son Ziggy Marley: "Money can't buy life."
Conspiracy Theories
Rumors persist that Bob Marley was murdered by the CIA (among other theorized assassins), with assistance from Dr. Issels, who has been reported in these accounts to be a former Nazi. The most common version of the story is that the CIA had an operative give Marley a pair of boots as a gift, and the boots had a radioactive wire hidden in them, which caused the cancer on his toe. A 2011 article from High Times magazine details this theory further.
A team of researchers from the United States and Australia has found that the age when a person begins to smoke marijuana has a significant influence on whether they will develop problems with drugs and alcohol later in life, independent of his or her genetic and family background.
In a large study of Australian twins, the researchers found that those who used marijuana before age 17 were two to five times more likely to use other drugs or to develop alcohol or drug abuse or dependence. The study appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Using Marijuana Before Age 17
"There is a fairly long history of research showing that early cannabis (marijuana) use is associated with increased risks for later use of so-called 'hard drugs,' but that research is based on the fact that most heroin and cocaine users report first having used cannabis," says lead author Michael T. Lynskey, Ph.D., a visiting assistant professor of psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and senior research fellow at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research in Brisbane, Australia.
Lynskey says past studies have not been able to adequately control for familial factors -- such as genetics, environment and family background -- that may predispose people both to early marijuana use and to subsequent use of illicit drugs. In this study, Lynskey and colleagues from Washington University and the Queensland Institute of Medical Research studied same-sex twins from Australia: some identical, some fraternal. In 311 pairs of twins, one twin began using marijuana before the age of 17 and the other did not.
Higher Rates of Alcohol, Drug Problems
"By studying twins, we were able to compare pairs of individuals of the same age, same family background and -- in the case of identical twins -- individuals with exactly the same genes," Lynskey explains. "But these twins differed in one important respect: One had chosen to begin using cannabis before 17, but the other had not."
By the time these twins were interviewed in their late 20s and early 30s, the early marijuana users had developed higher rates of problems with alcohol and other drugs. Some 46 percent reported that they later abused or became dependent upon marijuana, and 43 percent had become alcohol dependent.
The early marijuana users also used other drugs at higher rates, including cocaine and other stimulants (48 percent) heroin and other opioids (14 percent) and hallucinogens (35 percent).
Known Risk Factors for Drug Use
"Controlling for other known risk factors for drug use and drug use problems, these rates were between 1.8 and 5.2 times higher than the rates we observed in the co-twins who did not begin cannabis use before 17," Lynskey says. Results were similar when comparisons were limited to identical twin pairs.
"We actually were expecting that by using twins and controlling for genetic and familial effects, we'd find the association between early use and later abuse would disappear," Lynskey says. "But this study demonstrates that there is more to the relationship than we previously thought."
Study leader Andrew Heath, D. Phil, Olin Professor of Psychiatry and director of the Missouri Alcoholism Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine, agrees.
"I think one important thing to say to the parents of a 16-year-old using marijuana is that the majority of kids who use cannabis do not go on to experience problems with drugs or alcohol, but it's important that we, as parents and as a society, recognize that there is an increased risk," Heath says.
It is not clear how early use of marijuana might be related to later substance problems. Although this study suggests that genetic and environmental factors alone cannot explain the risk.
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